If Public and Private Sector Companies and Organizations across the US retrofit with LED Tubes, LED Fixtures, and LED Lamps, the Energy Saving Performance is outstanding. The Data and Calculations below illustrate the Sample Performance of LEDs across America for this Property Type:
| US Census DATA | Property Type | Education |
| # of Buildings in the US | 327,000 | |
| Total Square Footage | 8,651,000,000 | |
| Run Time (Hours / Week) | 50 | |
| Run Time (Hours / Year) | 2,600 | |
| _________________________ | _____________________________________ | _________________________ |
| ASHRAE DATA | Baseline Watts / sq. ft. | 1.2 |
| _________________________ | _____________________________________ | _________________________ |
| Industry Avg. | 50% Savings with LEDs | 0.6 |
| _________________________ | _____________________________________ | _________________________ |
| Consumption Calculatitions | Current Watts Used | 10,381,200,000 |
| Current Annual kWh Used | 26,991,120,000 | |
| Avg. US Cost / kWh | $0.11 | |
| Current Annual Cost of Lighting | $2,969,023,200 | |
| _________________________ | _____________________________________ | _________________________ |
| SAVINGS with LEDs | Annual kWh Saved with LEDs | 13,495,560,000 |
| Annual $ Savings with LEDs | $1,484,511,600 | |
| 7 year $ Saved with LEDs |
$10,391,581,200 | |
| _________________________ | _____________________________________ | _________________________ |
| The Environmental Impact | lbs of CO2 Saved per kWh | 1.3 |
| Annual lbs of CO2 Saved with LEDs | 17,544,228,000 | |
| 7 year lbs of CO2 Saved with LEDs | 122,809,596,000 | |
| 7 year Tons of CO2 Saved with LEDs | 61,404,798 | |
| Vehicles (SUVs) Taken Off the Road | 1,462,019 |
The Better Building Initiative companies in this category are highlighted below. We applaud their leadership in Energy Reduction:
Allegheny College:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://sites.allegheny.edu/green/
Allegheny College -- a national liberal arts college where 2,100 students with unusual combinations of interests, skills and talents excel -- will celebrate its bicentennial in 2015. A leader in sustainability, the college has committed to achieving climate neutrality by the year 2020. Through the Better Buildings Challenge, Allegheny College will reduce energy consumption 20% by 2020 in 1.3 million square feet of building space across their campus. Carr Hall, currently under renovation, will house the Richard J. Cook Center for Environmental Science and be showcased under the Better Buildings Challenge program. The renovation includes high-efficiency HVAC systems, daylighting and efficient lighting solutions, as well as glazing, shading, and a vestibule to increase the lobby's energy efficiency. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, Allegheny College can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Green Gator http://sites.allegheny.edu/greengator/
As a charter signatory of the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment, Allegheny has acknowledged the need for global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and is developing a comprehensive climate action plan to strategically reduce our impact. In the summer of 2008, Allegheny created the position of Sustainability Coordinator and hired alumna Kelly Boulton. To learn more about what the campus is doing to promote sustainability, visit Kelly's website at www.allegheny.edu/green
Delaware State University:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://www.desu.edu/think-green
Delaware State University (DSU) serves a diverse student population with a broad range of programs, and as a Better Buildings Challenge Partner has set a goal to reduce energy consumption in almost 2 million square feet of building space 25% by 2015. DSU will implement measures to increase energy efficiency and upgrade important facility systems using an innovative option for financing capital improvements with energy savings. DSU maintains a historic plot of Delaware land that is now a picturesque 400-acre campus. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, Delaware State University can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
In September 2009, Delaware State University, through its then acting president Dr. Claibourne Smith, pledged its time and dedication to “Going Green” by becoming a signatory of the American College and Universities Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). “The goal is to make our campus more sustainable and to eliminate its contribution to global warming over time,” said Dr. Smith. Since then, DSU has elected its 10th president, Dr. Harry Lee Williams who has continued pushing sustainability efforts faster than anticipated with the launch of countless initiatives through the University’s “Think Green” campaign including the establishment of a task force composed of over 80 members representing the Universities Board of Trustees, executive administrators, faculty, and Student Government Association.
In September of 2009, Delaware State University also became a signatory the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), but also became members of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, and a charter member of AASHE’s Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System™ (STARS). Delaware State University was also appointed to the STARS Steering Committee, along with five other universities.
With the launch of the “THINK GREEN” campaign, DSU proposes to engage the university community in the development and implementation of a long-term, energy conservation program that will:
- Build on the DSU’s emerging Go Green program and initiative.
- Engage students to conduct some of the critical activities required by DSU’s commitment to the ACUPCC and sustainability.
The Douglas County School District:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership: http://www.celticenergy.com/douglas-county-school-district.html and http://www.dcsd.k12.nv.us/
The Douglas County School District (DCSD) serves the communities of Gardnerville, Minden, Genoa and Zephyr Cove at Lake Tahoe, nestled among the 751 square miles of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Carson Valley. DCSD is the 6th largest in the state of Nevada, and provides a high quality education to over 6,200 students. Douglas County School District is committing to a 20% energy reduction by 2020, and will retrofit approximately 944,000 square feet across eleven (11) schools and multiple support facilities. DCSD has recently completed an energy savings performance contract targeting facility upgrades and infrastructure repairs in all eleven (11) of its schools and as additional improvements are made through bond initiatives, energy efficiency standards are implemented to continue reaping the benefits of energy savings. DCDS will be highlighting their energy efficiency upgrades at the Gardnerville Elementary School which is currently under renovation. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, The Douglas County School District can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
In February of 2008, Douglas County School District (DCSD) contracted with Celtic Energy Inc. (CEI) to perform Third-Party Consultation Services in relation to the Energy Cost Savings Performance Contract DCSD entered into in 2008, in an effort to improve energy consumption within our schools.
The Houston Independent School District:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership: http://houstonprivateschools.org/Default.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 and http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextchannel=c7782f796138c010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD
The Houston Independent School District is the largest school District in the state of Texas. The District provides a quality K-12 education to over 200,000 students in the City of Houston. The District is implementing a large scale, comprehensive energy efficiency project that will include behavioral initiatives, retro-commissioning, capital asset upgrades and water conservation measures. The District is committing to a 30% energy reduction by 2015 and will retrofit approximately 24 million square feet. Not only will this project decrease energy consumption, it will significantly improve learning by creating a more comfortable and conducive learning environment. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, S The Houston Independent School District can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
The Kentucky Community and Technical College System:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://www.kctcs.edu/en/About_KCTCS/System_Administration/Sustainability.aspx
The Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS), founded in 1998, is a system of 16 comprehensive community and technical colleges operating on 68 campuses. KCTCS is the largest provider of postsecondary and workforce training in Kentucky, enrolling more than 51 percent of Kentucky’s postsecondary public headcount enrollment and offering more than 600 program offerings. As a Better Buildings Challenge Partner, KCTCS is committing to reduce 20% of energy use by 2020 across 7 million gross square feet, comprising approximately 600 buildings. KCTCS will showcase an integration of building automation systems, utility meter interval data, utility bill data, and regression analysis software that will allow KCTCS to perform a software continuous commissioning process. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, The Kentucky Community and Technical College System can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Consistent with the KCTCS Vision to be the nation’s premier community and technical college system, KCTCS is becoming a leader in practices, educational and workforce training opportunities, and community leadership related to sustainable development or sustainability. The most commonly accepted definition of sustainable development is found in the 1987 United Nations’ Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (also known as the Brundtland Report):
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
Sustainability is more than “being green.” Multifaceted, sustainability touches every area of a college. Facilitating cultural change to enhance the well-being of people, sustainability includes improving efficiencies and effectiveness in a socially equitable manner. Implementing sustainable practices demonstrates responsible stewardship of social, economic, and environmental resources. KCTCS sustainability focus is on being “Green+”.
Plus: http://www.jefferson.kctcs.edu/en/Faculty_and_Staff/Business-Affairs/~/media/Jefferson/Documents/Recycling/JCTC-greenlist-ad--2011-11.ashx: www.facebook.com/jeffersonctc Point: Maggie Peake
Michigan State University:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://sustainability.msu.edu/
One of the top research universities in the world and a member of the Association of American Universities, Michigan State University offers nationally ranked and recognized academic, undergraduate research, residential college, and service-learning programs. As part of the Better Buildings Challenge, MSU has committed to improving the energy efficiency of about 20 million square feet of building space, targeting an energy reduction goal of more than 20 percent by the year 2020. These efforts will occur on a campus that that encompasses 5,200 acres and a built environment of teaching, research, and support space. Currently, the university is engaged in developing a set of building profiles across 110 buildings that approximates 80 percent of the square footage in its building portfolio. These profiles will enable the university to identify facilities that will benefit most from the implementation of retrocommissioning that will facilitate reductions in energy consumption. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, Michigan State University can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
A Vision for Sustainability at Michigan State University
A Report from a Committee of the Office of Campus Sustainability
to The Office of Vice President for Finance and Operations
September 2011Committee Membership:
Laurie Thorp, MSU, Co-Chair David Skole, MSU, Co-Chair
Jon Allan, Consumers Energy Jennifer Battle, MSU
Jim Byrum, Michigan Agribusiness Assoc. Steve Chester, Foley and Lardner
James Detjen, MSU Tom Dietz, MSU
Kathleen Duncan, MSU Julie Eckinger, MSU
Bob Ellerhorst, MSU Doug Estry, MSU
Stuart Gage, MSU Allison Goralnik, MSU
Amy Franklin-Craft, MSU Vennie Gore, MSU
Ashley Hale, MSU Mary Lindsey-Frary, MSU
Estelle McGroarty, MSU Nick Mercuro, MSU
Ron Rosenberg, MSU Frank Ruswick, Michigan DEQ
Jan Stevenson, MSU Paul Thompson, MSU
Steve Troost, MSU
Source: http://bespartangreen.msu.edu/documents/2011sustainabilityvisioningreport.pdf
Poudre School District:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://www.psd.k12.co.us/about-us/district-operations/sustainability
Poudre School District, located in Fort Collins, Colorado, serves approximately 25,000 students and includes 50 schools. PSD is the 9th largest school district in Colorado and covers 1,856 square miles in northern Colorado. Poudre School District is committing to a 20% energy reduction goal by 2020 and will be working across 50 schools totaling 4 million square feet, to improve energy efficiency under the Challenge, and will be highlighting their deep retrofit work at the Poudre High School. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, Poudre School District can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Leadership in Sustainability: "As a runner-up for the Sustainability Champion Award by CORE (Connected Organizations for a Responsible Economy) through the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, PSD continues to be recognized as a leader in energy conservation, innovation, and operational efficiencies. As the district faces future opportunities, the Annual Sustainability Report serves as a business model where departments' sustainable achievements, streamlining of processes, and ideas to save resources are detailed."
-- Dr. Jerry Wilson, superintendent of schools
UC Irvine:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://www.sustainability.uci.edu/
UC Irvine is dedicated to research, scholarship, and community service. Led by Chancellor Michael Drake since 2005, UC Irvine educates nearly 28,000 undergraduate and graduate students. As a Better Buildings Challenge Partner, the campus is committing 7 million square feet of its most energy-intensive building space, the campus academic core, with the goal of cutting annual energy consumption by 8.8 percent in 2012. The commitment includes more than 180 buildings housing instructional, office, and complex laboratory space, as well as recreational and patient care facilities. UC Irvine will also share some of the energy innovations developed on campus as part of its commitment, including the Smart Labs program, which has successfully reduced energy consumption in lab space by more than 50 percent using advanced occupancy and air quality sensors to reduce the amount of conditioned air exhausted into the atmosphere when conditions permit. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, UC Irvine can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Leadership in Sustainability: “For more than forty years, the University of California, Irvine has served as a center for quality education and research, equipping students to become responsible, productive members of society and finding innovative solutions to contemporary issues.
Citizens of our planet are facing a difficult collective challenge. Growth and development continue to change the world we live in, impacting global climate, decreasing species diversity, and diminishing the natural resources necessary for the survival of all species. At UC Irvine, we are reaching beyond our classrooms and laboratories to involve students, faculty, staff, community members and other institutions in our efforts to address environmental concerns.
Creating a symbiotic relationship between humans and their environment will require colleges and universities to condition students to be caring inhabitants of this planet for the benefit of future generations. At UC Irvine, programs across a variety of disciplines enrich the educational experience by providing students with this forward-thinking perspective.
Our dedicated staff and administrators also are committed to finding resourceful ways of making "green" synonymous with economical. Our employee community has made major strides in reducing campus energy consumption, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the Sustainable Transportation program. Sustainable practices have been incorporated into all sectors of campus operations, and our world-class faculty is conducting cutting-edge research in fields such as climate change, renewable energy and alternative fuel sources.
I encourage you to explore this website and learn about UC Irvine's commitment to environmental stewardship. By harnessing the immense physical and intellectual resources at our disposal, we are participating in preserving the world's natural wealth and beauty for future generations.” - Michael V. Drake, M.D. Chancellor
The University of Hawaii at Manoa:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://www.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=4822 and http://sustainable.hawaii.edu/
The University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM) is the central and flagship campus of the University of Hawaii system. The Manoa campus is a teaching/research institution offering undergraduate, graduate and doctorate degrees to a full time enrollment of approximately 20,000 students. It is a 304 acre urban campus comprised of just over 5 million square feet of occupied space. As a Better Buildings Challenge Partner, the campus is committing to reducing energy use 50% by 2015. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, The University of Hawaii at Mania can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Posted: Dec. 2, 2011
Today the University of Hawaii at Mānoa was recognized for national leadership in sustainability and invited to participate in a White House Better Buildings Challenge, at which President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton announced their commitment to fulfilling new energy reduction goals. This initiative also is an opportunity to create green job training and employment opportunities for the people of Hawai‘i.
Mānoa Chancellor Virginia Hinshaw joined a growing group of selected leaders to advance energy efficiency and renewable energy strategies in the building sector throughout the country. UH Mānoa and Hawaii were identified for outstanding leadership in setting and achieving energy goals for the campus and the State.
The Better Buildings Challenge initiative announced by President Obama and former President Clinton aims to upgrade building energy performance by a minimum of 20 percent by 2020 and represents nearly $4 billion of investments in combined federal and private sector energy upgrades to buildings over the next two years. These investments are designed to save billions in energy costs and, according to independent estimates, create tens of thousands of jobs in the hard-hit construction sector throughout Hawai‘i and the rest of the nation.
Chancellor Hinshaw and Assistant Vice Chancellor Steve Meder noted that the partnerships in Hawaii, reflecting bold state initiatives, are moving us forward in meeting this critical priority. “This is not simply about sustainability, but rather about survivor-ability—and Hawai‘i can lead the way,” she said.
A widely acknowledged leader in sustainability, UH Mānoa has adopted energy reductions goals of:
- Overall campus energy reduction of 30% by 2012
- Overall campus energy reduction of 50% by 2015
- 25% renewable energy by 2020
- Energy, water and waste independent by 2050
“We are on target to achieve our first milestone of reducing overall campus energy use by 30%, through our energy conservation measures and thanks to support from our Legislature and other partners who have helped fund modernized cooling systems and renewable energy projects,” said Chancellor Hinshaw.
“Completing our other goals will require sustained commitment by our campus and our community partners to continue the momentum we’ve created toward energy independence,” she said.
UH Mānoa’s half-century-old Kuykendall Hall is the focus of the Better Buildings Challenge program. Proposed $36 million renovations would make the instructional building an example for UH and Hawai‘i to move toward longer-term energy independence goals and demonstrate innovation in sustainable tropical architecture. It would be the first zero net energy (non-fossil fuel dependent) retrofitted building in the State of Hawai‘i. Funds for construction are being requested from the State Legislature.
Design for the project is supported through the U.S. Department of Energy National Commercial Building Partnership Program as one of only three nationally to create a high-performance net zero energy design. Ben Woo Architects of Honolulu led the impressive design effort. The design team includes nationally recognized experts in natural ventilation and acoustics provided by the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and supported by technical input from the Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley.
More information about the Better Buildings Challenge may be found at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/12/02/we-cant-wait-president-obama-announces-nearly-4-billion-investment-energ.
For more information about UH Mānoa’s sustainability initiatives, see: http://manoa.hawaii.edu/facilities/ or http://manoa.hawaii.edu/chancellor/sustainability/.
For Reports See: http://sustainable.hawaii.edu/reports.html
Sample Leadership for:
Sustainability Assessment of Kalani High School: October 2011
http://sustainable.hawaii.edu/Reports/RISE-UH_2011_Kalani-Sustainability-Assessment_12-2.pdf
Project Manager Shanah Trevenna
RISE-UH Team
Noah Binder
McClyde Gaborno
Bong Kang
Mondy Jamshidi
Leilani Pena
Melvin Quemado
Gabrielle Sham
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
During a sixteen-week period from January to May 2011, an interdisciplinary group of
University of Hawaii (UH) students in the UH chapter of the Rewarding Internships for
Sustainable Employment (RISE-UH) program, referred to as the Kalani Green Crew
(KGC), worked collectively to gather data and research opportunities for energy, waste
and water savings at Kalani High School. This sustainability assessment consisted of
three phases: (1) Project Orientation; (2) Baseline Measurements; and (3) Data
Analysis & Report Writing.
The assessment focuses on the following components:
Survey
Lighting Audit
Temperature Audit
Plug-load Audit
Waste Audit
Water Audit
Energy Star rating
Educational outreach
Energy Saving Tips: http://sustainable.hawaii.edu/Energy%20Tips%20for%20Offices.pdf
Energy Tips for UH Mānoa Offices
Building occupant behavior makes a difference.
Overhauling entire lighting and air conditioning systems of buildings on this campus is going to take time and money. In the meantime, there are plenty of opportunities for us building occupants to change our behaviors to reduce our electricity bill on this campus - and our carbon footprint on this planet. -compiled by Eileen Ellis, UH Sea Grant, October 28, 2009
Energy Senarios
Space heater
1500 W x 40 hrs/week x 52 weeks/ yr = 3,120,000 watts-hrs / 1,000 = 3,120 kWh x $0.21/kWh = $655/year
Break Room
20 inefficient fluorescent bulbs, 680 watts on all day 9hrs x 260 office days x 680 w / 1,000 = 1591 kwh/year x $0.21/kWh = $344/year
Turn off lights when unoccupied 75% of time: Save $250/year.
These numbers may seem trivial but when extrapolated to a campus of over 6 million square feet of occupied building space - small savings add up to big numbers.
If our total electricity bill at UHM is running close to $23 million/year and approximately 30% of that is energy for lighting, that’s $6.9 million we can help put a dent in.
Questions, comments, or suggestions can be sent to: Eileen Ellis
Lights:
• Turn them off when you leave your office! See if your department can agree to do this with bathrooms, break rooms, and copy rooms too.
• Use only the lights you need – if you have multiple switches, don’t automatically flip them all on.
• Try a task light at your desk instead of lighting the whole room - and make it an energy efficient fluorescent or LED bulb.
• Daylight harvest: if you have enough natural light from windows, turn the lights off.
• Check out the wattage on the stylish floor lamp you like for ambiance – some of these burn a whopping 300 watts!!
Conveniences:
• Instead of people running their own little refrigerators, share one efficient Energy Star refrigerator.
• Use a thermal carafe coffee maker instead of a hot plate type.
• Give up the bottle: use a water cooler instead of serving small bottles of water for meetings.
• Take the stairs, not the elevator.
“Why is this building too cold?
I thought we had a budget crisis?!”
Temperature:
Each building has it’s own system and quirks, so it’s hard to make a blanket (pardon the pun!) recommendation. Some reasons:
Many AC systems are designed to chill the air to the dew point in order to condense the moisture and remove it. Lowering humidity prevents mold from growing and makes for a healthier indoor environment. It actually costs more to reheat this air to a comfortable temperature.
Most AC systems are designed to handle the worst case senario: a hot, sunny day; all lights on (generating heat); and a full capacity of occupants. Anything less than this can result in a cooler than optimal temperature. Until these buildings can be retrofitted to more modern technology, we have to deal with this imprecision.
What we can do:
• Don’t open windows while air conditioning is on – this introduces humid air which causes condensation in the cool room and creates the perfect environment for mold to grow.
• Report any unacceptable temperature condition to the Facilities Work Coordination Center for appropriate actions.
• Offices with a window unit AC: if you have operable windows, try fresh air instead of running the AC. Be observant and watch for mold growth. Remove and clean room air conditioner filters monthly. Dirty filters reduce the efficiency of the air conditioner.
• Close office blinds when sun is directly hitting windows to lessen solar heat gain.
Go Paperless:
• View documents on computers instead of printing them out.
• Print double-sided or use scrap paper.
• Does this save energy? Yes – it eliminates ordering huge volumes of paper, transporting, storing, and disposing or recycling of paper.
• Who likes filing cabinets anyway
The University of Utah:
Sustainability and/or Energy Reduction Leadership:
http://sustainability.utah.edu//
The University of Utah serves over 31,000 students from across the U.S. and world, offering a diverse and broad set of programs. As a Better Buildings Challenge Partner, the University of Utah has set an energy reduction goal of 20% by 2020 affecting approximately 14 million gross square feet of building space. The University is embracing sophisticated and purposeful strategies that produce replicable results for their facilities, and any similar facilities throughout the country, and will work with the Department of Energy through Recovery Act funding in 2010 on a new net-zero project, rehabilitating the existing College of Architecture + Planning Building. The University of Utah plans to build on the success of this relationship by improving their entire building portfolio through the Better Buildings Challenge. With LED tubes that are Made in American with Domestic and Imported components according to Buy American ARRA standards, The University of Utah can save 50% or more on its electricity for lighting and also help create the jobs that support American Energy Independence.
Campus Energy Efficiency Projects:
The Energy Office designs, manages, and implements increased efficiency measures across campus including retrofits and upgrades for non capital improvements. Contact the Energy Manager if you have ideas for improving your space by increasing efficiency. Previous projects have ranged from retrofitting T12 lighting and the addition of automated lighting controls, implementing IT software, upgrading HVAC ducting for efficient distribution and assisting with grant applications for photovoltaic installations.
Energy Manager: Angel Moreno
